Your body is busy during pregnancy, and there's no denying the changes can come with challenges.

Understanding these common pregnancy problems, and how to manage them, can hopefully help you feel more comfortable. These symptoms are rarely anything to worry about, but don't forget to speak to your midwife of maternity unit if you have concerns or questions.

Constipation

Constipation is common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and the pressure of the growing uterus on your intestines.

• Tips: Increase your fibre intake with fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Stay hydrated and engage in regular, gentle exercise, if you can.

Thrush

Thrush, a yeast infection, can occur more frequently due to hormonal changes. It's not harmful to your baby and can be treated.

• Tips: Wear breathable, cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing and speak to your GP or midwife for appropriate antifungal treatments.

Feeling Faint

Feeling faint can happen because of lower blood pressure or changes in hormones or blood circulation. You're most likely to feel faint if you stand up too quickly from a chair or out of a bath, but it can also happen when you are lying on your back. It's better not to lie flat on your back in later pregnancy or during labour. You should also avoid going to sleep on your back after 28 weeks as it has been linked to a higher risk of stillbirth.

• Tips: Rise slowly from sitting or lying positions, eat small frequent meals and stay hydrated. 

Varicose Veins

Varicose veins may develop due to increased blood volume and pressure from the uterus. They can be uncomfortable, but aren't harmful. They most commonly affect the legs, but you can also get them in the vaginal opening (vulva). They usually get better once your baby is born.

• Tips: Elevate your legs when possible, avoid standing for long periods, and wear supportive hosiery.

Bleeding Gums

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can make your gums more vulnerable to plaque, leading to inflammation and bleeding. Your dentist will be able to help with this. Remember - NHS dental care is free during pregnancy and for the first year after the birth of your baby.

• Tips: Maintain good oral hygiene with regular brushing and flossing. Visit your dentist regularly too, and consider using a softer toothbrush.

Swelling

Swelling, especially in the ankles, feet, and hands, is common, and it's normal to get some swelling in pregnancy. It's often worse at the end of the day, and further into your pregnancy.

Swelling that comes on gradually is not usually harmful to you or your baby, but it can be uncomfortable. A sudden increase in swelling can be a sign of pre-eclampsia, a condition that needs to be quickly diagnosed. Familiarise yourself with the symptoms of pre-eclampsia, and always call your Maternity Unit if you're concerned.

• Tips: Rest with your feet elevated, avoid standing for long periods, wear comfortable shoes and stay hydrated. 

Tiredness

Fatigue is a common issue due to the physical and emotional demands of pregnancy. Hormonal changes can make you feel tired, nauseous and emotional. Feeling tired will not harm you or your baby, but it can make life feel more difficult, especially in the early days before you've told people about your pregnancy. The only answer is to rest as much as possible.

• Tips: Get plenty of rest, take short naps if needed, and maintain a balanced diet rich in iron and protein.

Heartburn

Heartburn, also called acid reflux or indigestion, is caused by hormonal changes and your growing baby pressing against your stomach. You can get symptoms at any point during your pregnancy, but they are more common from 12 weeks onwards.

• Tips: Eat smaller, more frequent meals, avoid spicy and fatty foods, and don't lie down immediately after eating. Elevate the head of your bed, if needed.

Back Pain

During pregnancy, the ligaments in your body naturally become softer and stretch to prepare you for labour. This can put a strain on the joints of your lower back and pelvis, which can cause back pain. Back pain is common as your baby grows and your posture changes.

• Tips: Practise good posture, wear supportive shoes, and consider prenatal yoga or gentle stretching exercises. You can take paracetamol to ease back pain while you are pregnant, unless your GP or midwife says not to. Always follow the instructions on the packet.

When to Seek Help

While these issues are common, always speak to your midwife or Maternity Unit if you experience severe or persistent symptoms. 

More Resources

NHS website

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